{"id":21748,"date":"2023-03-30T11:55:47","date_gmt":"2023-03-30T09:55:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/robecco.net\/ideas-on-emergency-inerting\/"},"modified":"2023-03-30T11:58:14","modified_gmt":"2023-03-30T09:58:14","slug":"ideas-on-emergency-inerting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/robecco.net\/en\/ideas-on-emergency-inerting\/","title":{"rendered":"IDEAS ON EMERGENCY INERTING"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-w0f39n-dea910e6d0c7189ab260825cab920712\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-w0f39n-dea910e6d0c7189ab260825cab920712{\nheight:100px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-w0f39n-dea910e6d0c7189ab260825cab920712 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2as1j6-cffdcc2e0e31e71770e2bb33e85eaa79\">\n.flex_column.av-2as1j6-cffdcc2e0e31e71770e2bb33e85eaa79{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-2as1j6-cffdcc2e0e31e71770e2bb33e85eaa79 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-jr1w62n1-5495517f97f321427f3f54bc46bfda6c '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h4>World Cement March 2023:<\/h4>\n<h1>IDEAS ON EMERGENCY INERTING<\/h1>\n<p>Achim Rott, robecco,\u00a0describes the mechanics\u00a0behind emergency inerting\u00a0systems, explaining the\u00a0correct procedures to\u00a0ensure the buildup of\u00a0combustible dust does\u00a0not lead to fires and\u00a0explosions.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5undot-4effd51b051f8d6c05bff46e06ee6594\">\n.flex_column.av-5undot-4effd51b051f8d6c05bff46e06ee6594{\nborder-radius:5px 5px 5px 5px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-5undot-4effd51b051f8d6c05bff46e06ee6594 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_hr  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-k5zgbc9r-c0f45300d934c4d9f7ce9db21459d74f\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-k5zgbc9r-c0f45300d934c4d9f7ce9db21459d74f .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ff0000;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-k5zgbc9r-c0f45300d934c4d9f7ce9db21459d74f '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>PDF-Download<\/strong><\/p>\n<a  data-e-Disable-Page-Transition=\"true\" class=\"download-link\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/robecco.net\/en\/download\/ideas-on-emergency-inerting_2023-pdf\/?tmstv=1776764985\" rel=\"nofollow\" id=\"download-link-21710\" data-redirect=\"false\" >\n\tIdeas-on-Emergency-Inerting_2023.pdf<\/a>\n\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jr1w50we-07c17e66b61a3c06a2e0fb71402da895\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-jr1w50we-07c17e66b61a3c06a2e0fb71402da895{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-jr1w50we-07c17e66b61a3c06a2e0fb71402da895 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_full '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1p49r2l-330be4c667a63583914b05bd0aa8ee56\">\n.flex_column.av-1p49r2l-330be4c667a63583914b05bd0aa8ee56{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1p49r2l-330be4c667a63583914b05bd0aa8ee56 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-k60favsi-8f647e1b6934aa131e82c2a159ebfc95 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>World Cement Magazine March 2023<\/p>\n<p>Achim Rott, robecco GmbH<\/p>\n<p>Emergency inerting systems are preventive explosion\u00a0protection technologies that prevent the ignition\u00a0of fires and dust explosions and thus reduce the\u00a0occurrence of hazardous incidents. These systems\u00a0are (mostly) fixed standby systems used in order to avoid\u00a0dust explosions and to suffocate and extinguish smouldering\u00a0or glowing fires of combustible dust in silos, coal mills,\u00a0bag houses, or similar aggregates by creating an inert\u00a0atmosphere. In case of a CH4, CO, O2, or temperature\u00a0alarm the inerting process is initiated automatically by an\u00a0independent PLC. Constant and reliable CH4, CO, O2, and\u00a0temperature measurements are absolutely necessary.<\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-k60eewaz-4738790eb422f441ba15cd4f41b0cddb\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-k60eewaz-4738790eb422f441ba15cd4f41b0cddb{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-k60eewaz-4738790eb422f441ba15cd4f41b0cddb hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1akp5ot-78ed47313c45c83f9bb73131452729b6\">\n.flex_column.av-1akp5ot-78ed47313c45c83f9bb73131452729b6{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1akp5ot-78ed47313c45c83f9bb73131452729b6 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_hr  avia-builder-el-last  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-k60fchb1-8208ed6fc53e2caf41305f19ccccc3d3 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h1>Ideas on Emergency Inerting<\/h1>\n<p>A continuous reduction of the oxygen\u00a0concentration to the limiting oxygen\u00a0concentration (LOC) and a further reduction\u00a0to the maximum allowed oxygen concentration\u00a0(MAOC), with the injection of inert gas and\u00a0permanent control and monitoring of the\u00a0oxygen levels, is mandatory. The effectiveness\u00a0of emergency inerting has to be verified via\u00a0monitoring of the oxygen levels in the system.<\/p>\n<p>The maximum allowed O2 concentration\u00a0(MAOC) is an operational parameter that is set\u00a0approximately 2 \u2013 3% below the LOC, it is a\u00a0safety margin set below the LOC.\u00a0In the case of abnormal levels of carbon\u00a0monoxide (CO), oxygen, or heat, the inerting\u00a0process is initiated automatically through an\u00a0integrated process-control system. The goal at\u00a0all times is to reduce levels to the LOC so that\u00a0explosions can no longer take place. The LOC\u00a0is the highest oxygen concentration at which an\u00a0explosion cannot occur regardless of the dust\u00a0concentration. The LOC depends on the kind\u00a0of fuel that is used and needs to be determined\u00a0separately in consultation with an authorised\u00a0body. With lignite (brown coal) for example the\u00a0LOC amounts to approximately 12% by volume\u00a0using N2,and approximately 14% when using\u00a0CO2.<\/p>\n<p>Emergency inerting is discontinuous and\u00a0can be used to prevent fires and explosions by\u00a0extinguishing smouldering nests and glowing\u00a0fires which can become the primary causes of\u00a0the ignition and propagation of open fires.<\/p>\n<p>Depending on the inert gas used (source\u00a0VDI2263-2) effectiveness for inerting generally\u00a0decreases in the following order:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CO2<\/li>\n<li>Steam<\/li>\n<li>Flue gases<\/li>\n<li>N2<\/li>\n<li>Noble gases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The flow-through inerting method or the\u00a0displacement inerting\/flushing method is mostly\u00a0practical. The necessary inerting time andinert gas volumes of individual aggregates with\u00a0constant geometrical volumes is theoretically\u00a0calculated during the engineering and design\u00a0phase and has to be checked and corrected as\u00a0necessary after commissioning by practical\u00a0tests based on the measured MAOC\u00a0value. The necessary inerting time and\u00a0inert gas volumes of individual aggregates\u00a0with variable geometrical volumes (e.g.\u00a0silos) is theoretically calculated during the\u00a0engineering and design phase according to\u00a0different filling levels and has to be checked\u00a0and corrected after commissioning using\u00a0practical tests based on the measured\u00a0MAOC value.<\/p>\n<p>Inert gases have low levels of reactivity and.\u00a0are used to reduce oxygen concentrations to\u00a0below critical levels. Inert gases act as simple\u00a0asphyxiants, they displace the normal air and\u00a0cause suffocation due to a lack of oxygen.\u00a0By doing this, they prevent the occurrence of\u00a0critical operating conditions and consequently\u00a0any resulting explosions or fires. Different inert\u00a0gases offer vary degrees of efficacy, and it is\u00a0often not absolutely necessary to remove all of\u00a0the O2.<\/p>\n<p>Nevertheless, extinguishing smouldering\u00a0or glowing fires of combustible dusts\u00a0and powders is only possible at oxygen\u00a0concentrations of 2 \u2013 3% (maximum).<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, the inert gas concentration and\u00a0related oxygen level has to be kept up over a\u00a0longer period (several hours or days) until the\u00a0fire is suffocated or extinguished. Monitoring\u00a0and control of the effectiveness of emergency\u00a0inerting is only possible with a combination\u00a0of CO\/CH4 and O2 measurements. A single\u00a0CO measurement does not indicate any\u00a0effectiveness, since the inert gas is diluting the\u00a0CO level without giving any reliable information\u00a0about the remaining oxygen concentration.\u00a0By installing the correct monitoring\u00a0equipment and software, the tell-tale signs\u00a0of a fire and subsequently an explosion can\u00a0be detected in sufficient time to initiate the\u00a0emergency inerting system and prevent both\u00a0the fire and the explosion from occurring.\u00a0Generally, it is recommended to erect\u00a0emergency inerting systems outside of a dust\u00a0explosion area zone (20, 21, 22) according\u00a0to European ATEX guidelines 99\/92\/EC (user\u00a0guideline) and 2014\/34\/EC (product guideline).<\/p>\n<p>In a case where the emergency inerting system\u00a0must be erected within one of these dust\u00a0explosion zones, an ATEX guideline must to be\u00a0applied for.<\/p>\n<p>Emergency inerting systems should be\u00a0designed according to the following European\u00a0directives:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>European Pressure Equipment Directive\u00a0PED 2014\/68\/EC.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0European Machine guideline 2006\/42\/EC.<\/li>\n<li>Low voltage guideline 2014\/35\/EC.<\/li>\n<li>CEN\/TR 15281:2022 Potentially explosive atmospheres. Explosion prevention and protection. Guidance on inerting for the prevention of explosions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>ATEX general requirements: principles\u00a0of integrated explosion safety\u00a0Equipment and protective systems intended\u00a0for use in potentially explosive atmospheres\u00a0must be designed from the point of view of\u00a0integrated explosion safety.1<\/p>\n<p>In this vein, the manufacturer must take the\u00a0following measures:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Above all, if possible, to prevent the\u00a0formation of explosive atmospheres\u00a0which may be produced or released by\u00a0equipment and by protective systems\u00a0themselves (inerting).<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 To prevent the ignition of explosive\u00a0atmospheres, taking into account\u00a0the nature of every electrical and\u00a0non-electrical source of ignition.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Should an explosion nevertheless\u00a0occur which could directly or indirectly\u00a0endanger persons and, as the case\u00a0may be, domestic animals or property,\u00a0to halt it immediately and\/or to limit the\u00a0range of explosion flames and explosion\u00a0pressures to a sufficient level of safety.<\/p>\n<p>It should be noted that the LOC decreases,\u00a0with respect to the MAOC, as temperatures\u00a0rise within the process. This has to be taken\u00a0into consideration when adjusting alarm levels\u00a0and inerting volumes.\u00a0Basic rule: Suffocating and extinguishing\u00a0smouldering or glowing fires is only possible at\u00a0a maximum oxygen concentration of 2 \u2013 3%.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lfuxlm12-e89b67f6aa72d4d6e021f2143875471b\">\n.av-horizontal-gallery.av-lfuxlm12-e89b67f6aa72d4d6e021f2143875471b{\npadding:3.75% 0px;;\n}\n.av-horizontal-gallery.av-lfuxlm12-e89b67f6aa72d4d6e021f2143875471b .av-horizontal-gallery-inner{\npadding-bottom:25%;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-horizontal-gallery av-lfuxlm12-e89b67f6aa72d4d6e021f2143875471b av-horizontal-gallery-large-gap av-horizontal-gallery-enlarge-effect  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  av-slideshow-ui av-control-default av-slideshow-manual av-loop-once av-loop-manual-once av-horizontal-gallery-1' 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https:\/\/robecco.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/robecco-low-pressure-tank-768x1131.jpg 768w, https:\/\/robecco.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/robecco-low-pressure-tank-1043x1536.jpg 1043w, https:\/\/robecco.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/robecco-low-pressure-tank-1390x2048.jpg 1390w, https:\/\/robecco.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/robecco-low-pressure-tank-1018x1500.jpg 1018w, https:\/\/robecco.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/robecco-low-pressure-tank-479x705.jpg 479w, https:\/\/robecco.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/robecco-low-pressure-tank-450x663.jpg 450w, https:\/\/robecco.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/robecco-low-pressure-tank-1320x1945.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/robecco.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/robecco-low-pressure-tank-scaled.jpg 1738w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 699px) 100vw, 699px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' 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width=\"1030\" height=\"648\" src=\"https:\/\/robecco.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/robecco-CO2-N2-Inerting-theory_schema-weiss-1030x648.jpg\" title='robecco CO2-N2 Inerting theory_schema wei\u00df' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/robecco.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/robecco-CO2-N2-Inerting-theory_schema-weiss-1030x648.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/robecco.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/robecco-CO2-N2-Inerting-theory_schema-weiss-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/robecco.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/robecco-CO2-N2-Inerting-theory_schema-weiss-768x483.jpg 768w, https:\/\/robecco.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/robecco-CO2-N2-Inerting-theory_schema-weiss-1536x966.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/robecco.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/robecco-CO2-N2-Inerting-theory_schema-weiss-2048x1288.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/robecco.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/robecco-CO2-N2-Inerting-theory_schema-weiss-1500x944.jpg 1500w, 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1536w, https:\/\/robecco.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/robecco-CO2-N2-Inerting-theory_schema-weiss-2048x1288.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/robecco.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/robecco-CO2-N2-Inerting-theory_schema-weiss-1500x944.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/robecco.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/robecco-CO2-N2-Inerting-theory_schema-weiss-705x444.jpg 705w, https:\/\/robecco.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/robecco-CO2-N2-Inerting-theory_schema-weiss-450x283.jpg 450w, https:\/\/robecco.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/robecco-CO2-N2-Inerting-theory_schema-weiss-1320x830.jpg 1320w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" class='av-horizontal-gallery-link avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='resize-full' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' title='robecco CO2-N2 Inerting theory_schema wei\u00df' alt='' aria-label='Open image in lightbox: robecco CO2-N2 Inerting theory_schema wei\u00df'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 25 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-6' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-6' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-6'>Open image in lightbox: robecco CO2-N2 Inerting theory_schema wei\u00df<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-6'>Open image in lightbox: robecco CO2-N2 Inerting theory_schema wei\u00df<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M15.232 3.328h10.112v10.112l-3.2-3.968-4.672 4.864-3.2-3.2 4.864-4.672zM7.872 17.536l3.2 3.2-4.864 4.672 3.904 3.2h-10.112v-10.112l3.2 3.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lfuxsli6-89a8bafc1878ddac1dc7b7e64a7e347e '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3><em><strong>Emergency inerting process<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n<p>In normal operation, inerting and the parallel\u00a0process of drying ground coal occurs with\u00a0flue gases of the rotary kiln plant or via the hot\u00a0gas generator of the coal mill, ductwork, and\u00a0baghouse. This is a continuous process and\u00a0is monitored and controlled by the PLC at the\u00a0controI stand. But in the case of an emergency\u00a0shutdown, suppliers recommend additional\u00a0inerting when starting and stopping the coal\u00a0mill, and in instances of a CO or temperature\u00a0alarm, this is essential. Therefore, constant\u00a0and accurate CO-, O2, and temperature\u00a0measurement and monitoring is a must\u00a0throughout the coal grinding workshop and also\u00a0at coal powder silos.\u00a0Emergency inerting is initiated either manually\u00a0or automatically, based on readings taken from\u00a0sample points positioned on the equipment\u00a0being protected. In an automated system,\u00a0the sample points deliver a sample of the gas\u00a0within the equipment to analysers which then\u00a0transmit the readings to a stand-alone or PLC\u00a0for interpretation. If the readings are outside of\u00a0the \u2018safe\u2019 parameters then a signal is given to\u00a0start the inerting sequence. The signal opens\u00a0automated valves which allow the inert gas to\u00a0flow to the affected area. These valve(s) are\u00a0connected between the inert medium storage\u00a0and the injection nozzles at each piece of\u00a0equipment; they distribute the flow of inert gas\u00a0and regulate the pressure to each area.<\/p>\n<p>Extinguishing smouldering or glowing fires\u00a0is only possible at an O2 concentration as\u00a0low as 2 \u2013 3%. To achieve this, the inerting\u00a0process has to be repeated up to three or\u00a0four times depending on the LOC when the\u00a0inerting is first started.\u00a0Alarm level (AL) or alarm concentration\u00a0(AC) is the highest setting for the alarm\u00a0level at the PLC. It has to be established by\u00a0considering realistic assumptions such as\u00a0operational and instrumentation dependent\u00a0conditions. The objective is to ensure\u00a0that the alarm is triggered on time. The\u00a0alarm level prevents the oxygen level from\u00a0exceeding the MAOC. Different levels of\u00a0oxygen, carbon monoxide, and temperature\u00a0have to be fixed in the explosion protection\u00a0document, according to ordinary ATEX, as\u00a0well as by the operators and manufacturers\u00a0of the coal grinding system during initiation.<\/p>\n<h3><em>Storage capacity, design, and flow\u00a0rates of emergency inerting systems<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>In daily practice it is essential that inerting\u00a0trips start immediately after detection of\u00a0smouldering or glowing fires. Independent\u00a0of the type and characteristics of\u00a0combustible dust, the inerting trip and\u00a0related oxygen concentration (MAOC) has to\u00a0be maintained until the fire is suffocated and\u00a0extinguished, where the monitoring and control\u00a0system indicates constant values in a safe\u00a0range.<\/p>\n<p>There are several emergency inerting\u00a0systems available. Most popular are tank\u00a0systems for CO2 and N2 which are designed\u00a0to store sufficient liquefied inert gas capacities\u00a0for repeating a number of inerting trips.<\/p>\n<p>Depending on the overall geometrical volumes\u00a0of single aggregates, emergency inerting\u00a0systems are designed to repeat inerting trips\u00a03 \u2013 4 times over, at which point the refilling of\u00a0the tank is necessary. The storage capacity\u00a0is also influenced by the local infrastructure\u00a0of gas companies and the delivery times for\u00a0refilling the tank. Also, these aspects have\u00a0to be considered during the design and\u00a0engineering phase.<\/p>\n<p>Over the years, the following recommendations\u00a0have been developed between the industry and\u00a0customers in order to define the necessary sizes\u00a0and flow rates of emergency inerting systems.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 The maximum inert gas volume shall be\u00a0provide at least a 3 fold additional reserve\u00a0capacity at minimum. This figure mainly\u00a0depends on the characteristics of the\u00a0combustible dusts and local infrastructure\u00a0in terms of emergency inert gas supply.<\/p>\n<p>Figure 4, published by Expert Commission\u00a0for Safety in the Swiss Chemical Industry\u00a0(ESCIS), shows the theoretical inert gas\u00a0quantity as a multiple of the vessel volume\u00a0needed to achieve a specified residual\u00a0oxygen content with ideal mixing.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 The maximum inert gas volume shall be\u00a0discharged within 30 \u2013 60 minutes in relation\u00a0to the overall geometrical volume.<\/p>\n<h3><em>Monitoring and control of emergency\u00a0inerting process<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Efficient monitoring and control of the\u00a0emergency inerting process is mandatory\u00a0according to ATEX. Without it, effective inerting\u00a0is not possible. The detection of smouldering\u00a0or glowing fires has to be indicated by suitable,\u00a0reliable, and persistent CO and CH4 analyser\u00a0systems. According to the ATEX and CEN\u00a0guidelines, O2 measurement is also mandatory\u00a0in order to supervise and guarantee sufficient\u00a0inert gas volumes and inerting effect even at O2\u00a0concentrations of &lt; 3%.\u00a0In addition, the emergency inerting hardware\u00a0installation needs to be monitored and\u00a0functionally controlled as well. Functions of the\u00a0inerting system such as the CO2 filling level,\u00a0filling weight, tank pressure, flow control, and\u00a0automised valves all need to be monitored and\u00a0controlled directly via the inerting system, whilst\u00a0also maintaining direct communication with the\u00a0entral control room (CCR).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":21719,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[117],"tags":[197,203],"class_list":["post-21748","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-en","tag-inerting","tag-inertisierung-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>IDEAS ON EMERGENCY INERTING - Robecco, Horhausen (WW)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"IDEAS ON EMERGENCY INERTING robecco,\u00a0describes the mechanics\u00a0behind emergency inerting\u00a0systems, explaining the\u00a0correct procedures to\u00a0ensure the buildup of\u00a0combustible dust does\u00a0not lead to fires and\u00a0explosions.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/robecco.net\/en\/ideas-on-emergency-inerting\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"IDEAS ON EMERGENCY INERTING - 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